The constant development of the use of mobile GIS/GPS technology by GIS professionals has created recurrent expectations for an optimized visualization of the data collected in the field into 2D and 3D models. However, the combination of GPS/GNSS hardware and GIS Data collection software is often limited by the affordable-simple versus costly-complex dilemma.

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The evolution of 3D and visualization technology together with advancements in spatial information applications and services has resulted in changed approaches. It has also exposed issues related to the construction of infrastructure and architectural design. More collaboration, higher interoperability and improved work flow efficiencies are all welcomed, however, administrative structure, management selection and openness continue to play a crucial role as well. From the development of North America's earliest railroads to the recent architectural issues surrounding Berlin's airport and Hamburg's new symphony hall, construction and infrastructure issues are exposed - and continue. This week's announcement of the new Airbus 350 does, however, point to the fact that large teams of people, physically separated, can accomplish great things. 

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We describe how augmented reality (AR), georeferenced 3D models, on-site positioning and mobile applications can be used to create new visualisation solutions. Augmented reality is in the transition between innovation and compelling value, from science to business, defined by the move to being consumer centric rather than technology centric.

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Disasters do not take place in a 2D world and they are not static in nature. Floods, tornadoes, fires, earthquakes and other man-made and natural rescue events are continuously happening in a 3D world. Providing relief and rescue efforts for these operations demands unique understanding and technology to meet the challenges for often changing situations.  Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), robotics and advances in data operations can support these challenges. We are at a stage where no only reconnaissance is advancing, but linkages between infrastructure and rescue technologies are becoming more integrative.

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New 3D research technologies and techniques are being used to study seismic activity and to investigate potential earthquake occurrence. From supercomputing to visualization to 3D apps on mobile devices, knowledge and distribution of informaiton about earthquake activity is growing. 3D and visualization are playing a key role in describing these phenomena and delivering services for earthquake prediction, management and decision.making.

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